The effect of ultra-processed food vs unprocessed foods
A group in Brazil introduced this new way of classifying foods that completely ignores the nutrient composition and says what we should be doing is classifying foods based on the extent and purpose of processing foods. And so, they categorize these four different categories. In the fourth category of this so-called NOVA classification scheme (see graphic below), they identified something called ultra-processed foods. There's a long formal definition and it's evolved a little bit over the years and continues to evolve. But the basic idea is that these are foods that are manufactured by industries that contain a lot of purified ingredients made from relatively cheap agricultural commodity products that basically undergo a variety of processes and include additives and ingredients that are not typically found in home kitchens, but are typically exclusively in manufactured products to create the wide variety of mostly packaged goods that we see in our supermarkets.
There are considerable competing theories about obesity, including calories consumed and calories burned. as well as the balance of carbohydrates fats, and protein, fasting, and ketogenic diets. It may be these categories may be complementary. It may be that polygenic features are at work. There are other factors to be ruled out in specific individuals such as genetic and hormonal effects.
The basic message is that we have lots of competing theories about what is driving obesity. There are a few things that we all agree on. One is that there is a genetic component. That adiposity in a given environment is somewhere between 40% to 70% heritable, so our genes play a huge role. It seems like certain genes can play a major role. Like if you have a mutation in leptin, for example, or the leptin receptor, then this can have a monogenic cause of obesity
Energy Balance Model
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