Medical Practices of the Past QUIZ

Medicine in the 21st Century is based on scientific knowledge. Practices we use now have been reached by a wealth of knowledge gained over many years, tests and experiments and the study of data.


So, when you realize what practices were used as little as 50 or 60 years ago, it seems amazing that we’ve come so far ever since! It also makes you thank God you weren’t alive in those times, for the treatment may have been worse than the illness. Test your medical history I.Q. here.

Try our quiz and see if you can guess which practices are fact and which are fiction.



Medical Practices of the Past QUIZ Infographic

Trump Visa Changes Hit US Nursing Supply From Canada, Mexico

What !?

HENRY FORD HOSPITAL VS . NAFTA

vs.

Health care is now inextricably wound into the fabric of government. Even NAFTA's recision effects the availabllity of skilled health care professionals.  It goes something like this.

President Donald Trump's dislike of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is starting to affect the workforce in United States hospitals that rely on specialized nurses from Canada and Mexico to fill critical positions.

Under NAFTA, Canadian and Mexican registered nurses have for decades practiced in the United States on nonimmigrant professional TN visas, and each day many Canadian registered nurses (RNs) cross the border to work in US hospitals.

But under recent stricter interpretations by US Customs and Border Protection (CPB), advanced practice nurses and advanced clinical nurse practitioners are no longer eligible to work under the old RN category and must now apply for H-1B visas. The latter cover specialized positions for foreign workers from any country and can cost several thousand dollars per applicant for expedited processing.

Last week, a Canadian nurse practitioner working at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, was denied renewal of her TN visa. "She was told by CBP that the reason for the denial was a change in interpretation of NAFTA and that advanced practice nurses, in their opinion, no longer qualified under the NAFTA registered nurse category," said immigration lawyer Marc Topoleski, who represents Henry Ford Hospital, at a March 16 new conference.  (Holy Moses, Batman !).  Nurse practitioners are no longer categorized as R.N.s.  Who makes that kind of decision ? Is it a fear of terror, or something else even more insidious and dark ? Did some negative factor for this particular person appear suspicious. In fact this policy has not been made official nor appear in any written policy documents. 

30 Canadian nurses at Detroit hospital pressured at border after policy change

The process could take as long as 3-4 weeks.

From left: Patti Kunkel, nurse practitioner, Henry Ford Health System; Marc Topoleski, principal attorney of business immigration services, Ellis Porter; Kathy Macki, vice president of human resources, Henry Ford Health System. (Dana Afana | MLive.com) (Dana Afana | MLive.com)

 HFH and others must file for a more complex and expensive H1B visa for those employees admitted on TN Visas.  Maybe an executive order from the Apprentice director would help

Trump Visa Changes Hit US Nursing Supply From Canada, Mexico

Primary Care: Some Good News Residency Match Day 2017 Sets More Records

In recent years several new medical schools have come on line.  Some of them are specifically designed to educate primary care physicians. (you know what we used to call GPs).  As a result that increase in medical school graduates along with the increasing emphasis on primary care by HHS, CMS reflected by better reimbursement rates gives hope that health care will become more accessible.





Residency Match Day 2017 Sets More Records

Common Blood Tests Can Help Predict Disease Risk :

By the time you finish reading today's Health Train Express you will be able to add one more metric to decreasing the liklihood of chronic disease.

It is not a guarrantee, nor an absolute predictor of your fate...all of these tests are readily available at you doctor's office.  Ask that they be done, when your physician asks you why....quote the following. Almost all plans now reimburse for preventive medicine.  If they deny you, appeal it to the health plan.  The squeaky wheel gets the ' oil '.

The research was presented Friday at a meeting of the American College of Cardiology and hasn't been published in a peer-reviewed journal.

"Our goal was to create a clinical tool that's useful, easily obtainable and doesn't slow the work-flow of our clinicians," said Heidi May, PhD, MSPH, principal investigator of the the study and a cardiovascular epidemiologist with the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute.

Dr. May and her team studied a primary care population consisting of both male and female patients who had no history of a chronic disease. ICHRON was developed among one set of primary care patients, then tested in a second, independent primary care population.

 The tests, done in Utah are not controlled and are biased heavily to the demographics of Utah, where the study was performed. ICHRON Score ( Intermountain Chronic Disease Score) is factored on several well known and routinely done lab tests.  Many of these are done annually, and are relatively inexpensive.

"It's a fascinating concept," says Wayne Dysinger, a preventive and family medicine physician and CEO of Lifestyle Medicine Solutions, a primary care practice in southern California, who wasn't involved in the study. "They may be on to something, but it's too early to say for sure." For one thing, the score would have to be shown to be accurate in a more general population outside Utah, which is largely white and has lower rates of smoking and obesity than other states.

Among women, those with a high ICHRON score were 11 times more likely to be diagnosed with a chronic disease than those with a low score. Women with a moderate score were three times more likely to be diagnosed. Men with a high score were 14 times more likely to be diagnosed than those with a low score, and those with a moderate score more than five times more likely to be diagnosed.

American Heart Association

Common Blood Tests Can Help Predict Disease Risk : Shots - Health News : NPR

Telehealth Outlook Under the Trump Administration | The National Law Review

 The Trump Administration is likely to drive telehealth advancement in a positive direction. use of telehealth technology.For example, President Trump’s plan to reform the Veteran’s Affairs Department includes improved patient care through the use of telehealth technology. There are also some indications that the newly confirmed Secretary of the Department of Health and Human There are also some indications that the newly confirmed Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), Tom Price, is “telehealth friendly.

Price also said he is interested in promoting telehealth because it “holds great promise, particularly for rural areas experiencing physician shortages and for patients with limited mobility.”

Despite the current focus in Congress on repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, telehealth legislation continues to gain traction and bipartisan support on the Hill. In February, a bipartisan group of 37 Senators sent a letter to Tom Price encouraging HHS to support telehealth and remote patient monitoring. Congress also has embraced telehealth advancement with a consistent stream of proposed legislation seeking to enhance the provision of telehealth services. Most recently, Rep. Joyce Beatty (OH-03) and Rep. Morgan Griffith (VA-09) reintroduced the Furthering Access to Stroke Telemedicine (“FAST”) Act that would expand access to stroke telemedicine (also called “telestroke”) treatment in Medicare. Congress also recently introduced HR 766 which would establish a pilot program to expand telehealth options under the Medicare program for individuals living in public housing. Additionally, Congress is poised to consider at least two bipartisan pieces of legislation focused on telehealth. The first is known as the Creating High-Quality Results and Outcomes Necessary to Improve Chronic (“CHRONIC”) Care Act of 2016, which seeks to modernize Medicare payment policies focused on improving the management and treatment of chronic diseases using telehealth technologies. The second is known as the Creating Opportunities Now for Necessary and Effective Care Technologies (“CONNECT”) for Health Act, which seeks to mandate Medicare reimbursement for telehealth services (beyond the current, limited reimbursement framework). Finally, Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT), the Chairperson of the Senate Finance Committee, recently released his “innovation agenda for the 115th Congress” which encourages the promotion of the “internet of things,” greater broadband investment, and increased device-to-device communication and cross-border data flows.

Telehealth will continue to increase in use despite proposed changes to the Affordable Care Act. Whether it will become a major player in health care will depend on studies to show if it cuts costs,improves care, or increases utilization as a redundant triage mechanism.  Telehealth does not . substitute for a visit to a physician, except for remote locations, where medical care would otherwise be lacking.

Telehealth Outlook Under the Trump Administration | The National Law Review

Seema Verma Confirmed by Senate as CMS Chief

Following a relatively benign debate about the new CMS Chief, Seema Verma is confirmed as the new head of CMS.

Seema Verma, nominee to head CMS, listens during a Senate Finance Committee confirmation hearing in Washington, DC.

Physicians seem to be  content that she is a governmental minimalist and favors voluntary participation in government programs rather than mandatory participation

Vice-President Pence was instrumental in recommending her to the position as he had worked closely with the Medicaid program in Ohio.

Verma has specialized in working with state Medicaid programs to improve care while lowering costs. The Trump administration will count on her to achieve those goals in a federal program that stands to shrink in a House Republican bill that repeals and replaces the 7-year-old Affordable Care Act (ACA). The measure would eliminate expanded Medicaid eligibility that 31 states chose under the ACA, and convert open-ended federal contributions to state programs to a fixed, per-capita amount, putting the program on a budget, as it were.

Verma's work with the Medicaid program in Indiana may be a preview of the program's future. She designed a "consumer-directed" version of Medicaid called Healthy Indiana Plan (HIP) that gives beneficiaries a Personal Wellness and Responsibility (POWER) account — similar to a health savings account — to apply toward a $2500 deductible. And while Vice President Mike Pence was governor of the Hoosier State, she helped created HIP 2.0, which expanded Medicaid coverage under the ACA. Beneficiaries who contribute a small percentage of their income to their POWER accounts are entitled to extra benefits such as dental and vision coverage.

Like the president that nominated her, the new CMS administrator espouses a small-government philosophy that many physicians may find refreshing. At her confirmation hearing, Verma said that physician participation in Medicare pilot projects for delivering and reimbursing medical care should be voluntary, not mandatory. She also decried federal regulations that might discourage physicians from participating in Medicaid and Medicare, and the burdens that electronic health records impose on clinicians in connection with the meaningful use incentive program.

Seema Verma Confirmed by Senate as CMS Chief

On Death's Door California To Permit Medically Assisted Suicide As Of June 9 :

Debbie Ziegler holds a photo of her late daughter, Brittany Maynard, while speaking to the media in September after the passage of California's End Of Life Option Act. Maynard was an advocate for the law.
Carl Costas/AP

Classic Version of the Hippocratic Oath

I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfil according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant: hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art - if they desire to learn it - without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice.

I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.

I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.

Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.

What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.

If I fulfil this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.

A Modern Version of the Hippocratic Oath

I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:

I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow.

I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures which are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism.

I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.

I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient's recovery.

I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.

I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.

I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.

I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm.

If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help.

California will now permit assisted suicide.  

California Gov. Jerry Brown signed landmark legislation last October that would allow terminally ill people to request life-ending medication from their physicians.

But no one knew when the law would take effect, because of the unusual way in which the law was passed — in a legislative "extraordinary session" called by Brown. The bill could not go into effect until 90 days after that session adjourned.

The session closed Thursday, which means the End of Life Option Act will go into effect June 9.
If one carefully compares the classic version with the modern version the modern version contains a new phrase,  "But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.

Physicians asked to . participate in legal executions have long been uncomfortable performing this function.  Physicians have quietly assisted in hastening death's approach surreptiously with medications.  Patients who are in death's grip are often sedated to diminish pain, and the use of opioids has many side effects on the cardiovascular system.  Now this can be pursued in hospital, or at home with family and/or friends in attendance.
It seems most merciful, and another evolution of medical practice.  Some physicians may refuse to participate, even if the family requests this act.  In such cases a new 'specialty' may emerge, Deathologist.  It no longer is such a horrific word.

Although physicians will be protected legally, the disconnect will remain. 

California To Permit Medically Assisted Suicide As Of June 9 : Shots - Health News : NPR

Clinical Trials, Can Social Media Help ?

ARE SOCIAL MEDIA SAVVY PATIENTS THE BEST-KEPT CLINICAL TRIAL RECRUITING SECRET

PATIENT ADVOCATES AS THE VOICE FOR CLINICAL TRIALS

Patients know how to appeal to other patients. We know what concerns about enrollment are, because we’ve had them. We know the barriers to enrolling, because we’ve faced them. Perhaps most importantly, we know what myths about clinical trials still exist, and can work from the inside out to get rid of them. These myths – that clinical trials are a last resort, that they’re not safe, or that they’re only for certain age groups – are preventing patients from receiving the most forward-thinking treatment available. Patients have a personal incentive to recruit patients to join clinical trials. The more patients who join clinical trials, the potentially faster that drug might come to market as a treatment option for their community. Thus, patients just might be the best-kept clinical trial-recruiting secret.

Cancer communities are forces to be reckoned with, both on social media and offline. Our respective tweet chats, local meet-ups, poster presentations at international conferences about patient reported outcomes, and at times even our own research studies speak to the credibility of our community reach and knowledge.

On Twitter, for example, the #BCSM (Breast Cancer Social Media), #BTSM (Brain Tumor Social Media), and #LCSM (Lung Cancer Social Media) communities share hundreds, if not thousands of tweets and articles related to cancer care each day. Searching through these hashtags turns up journal articles, recent press headlines, organized chats, personal questions and experiences.  It’s as simple as a tweet, really.

Searching for a clinical trial used to only be possible by patients Googling for answers or their physician presenting options in the clinic. Now, patients are flipping the script and searching through Twitter to find information from each other.

Let us not forget Facebook, or Google + and Instagram. All these social platforms provide a . huge network for disseminating information.

Are social media savvy patients the best-kept clinical trial recruiting secret? | Cure Forward

To Pay Or Not To Pay – That Is The Question |Affordable Care Act

K.A. Curtis gave up her career in the nonprofit world in 2008 to care for her ailing parents in Fresno, which also meant giving up her income.

She wasn’t able to afford health insurance as a result, and for each tax year since 2014, Curtis has applied for — and received — an exemption from the Affordable Care Act’s coverage requirement and the related tax penalty, she says.

This year, given President Donald Trump’s promise to repeal the ACA, along with his executive order urging federal officials to weaken parts of the law, Curtis began to wonder whether she’d even have to apply for an exemption for her 2016 taxes.

She also heard that the IRS recently flip-flopped on its previous decision to reject 2016 tax returns that don’t include the taxpayer’s health coverage status.

“I thought, ‘Maybe I won’t have to apply for the exemption again,’” says Curtis, 59. “The public debate about the law makes it confusing.”

Indeed, there’s widespread confusion among consumers about the status of Obamacare, and because of that, they are uncertain how to handle Obamacare-related tax requirements.

Since this article appeared the tax penalty has been overturned by the new White House resident, Donald Trump. And other features are being modified as this is being written.

Should you still submit your 1095 tax forms that show when you were covered — or, if you purchased a plan from an exchange, the amount of tax credits you received? Should you apply for an exemption from the Obamacare coverage requirement?

If you were uninsured in 2016 and don’t qualify for an exemption, should you pay the Obamacare tax penalty?

“Unfortunately, there are a lot of myths floating around,” says Lawrence Pon, a certified public accountant (CPA) in Redwood City. “Some of my clients ask me, ‘Does the law still exist?’”

It sure does.

As a result, California tax experts have some relatively simple advice for confused taxpayers.

“Until Obamacare is no longer the law of the land, we don’t have much choice other than to continue under the current rules and regulations,” says Janet Krochman, a CPA in Costa Mesa.

It is all open to argument and subject to change.  Given this state of chaos I would recomend holding off filing, and wait for a comment or notice from the IRS.  Recent events regarding the ACA have resulted in defacto postponements, or outright nullification of deadlines and other regulatory statement.

On the other hand, other experts make this recommendation.

Many tax preparers say they’d rather not deal with the law’s arcane and complex requirements. But every single one I spoke with says they will continue doing so as long as former President Barack Obama’s health law exists.

“I tell everybody I want all of their forms. We’re going to document everything,” says Rebecca Neilson, a registered tax preparer in Sheridan, about 40 miles northeast of Sacramento. “I’m not going to change what I’m doing because the law might get changed.”

However, a recent IRS switch has fueled hopes among some consumers that the agency won’t enforce the Obamacare tax penalty for 2016.

Then again to add to the confusion

How to dodge the Obamacare tax penalty -- legally

HealthCare.gov Exemptions 

There are many ranging from death in the household, eviction, bankruptcy, and more. Go to the Exemption screening Tool on HealthCare.gov

To Pay Or Not To Pay – That Is The Question | 

The Future of Medical Technology

Technology is improving at an exponential rate. What was once just a hope or a dream is now reality. Hospitals worldwide use complex machines to help diagnose and treat the human body. Advances in areas of technology have been applied to medicine on a massive scale, allowing practitioners to become more specialised in particular areas and revolutionising the way we use and store data.

So what lies ahead for our rapidly advancing technology? What ideas are now in process that could soon become a reality and how might it change our lives? Let’s take a closer look in the infographic below.

So what lies ahead for our rapidly advancing technology? What ideas are now in process that could soon become a reality and how might it change our lives? Let’s take a closer look in the infographic.

AI . Artificial intelligence can be used to detect Alzheimer's disease

Spare parts have been grown.  Brain, Esophagus, Liver, Kidney.

Prosthetics: 3D printing, Integration of processors and implanted brain electrodes

Advanced remote monitoring and televideo

Advances in rapid genomic assays will bring genomic study costs to less than $ 10.00 for focused analytics.

The Future of Medical Technology

Donald Trump Medicaid: Seema Verma, Patient Responsibility | Time.com

Seema Verma (soon to be head of CMS Medicare) would hold  Medicaid recipients accountable.

Seema Verma, President Trump’s pick to lead the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service, sees things the same way. Verma, a health policy consultant, helped to reform Indiana’s Medicaid program, working with then-Gov. Mike Pence. With an eye toward competition and personal responsibility, her program, known as Healthy Indiana Plan, mandated monthly contributions from beneficiaries, even individuals at the federal poverty line. There were stiff penalties for missed payments: termination of coverage or transfer to a pared-down plan that offered limited services.

Verma has written that personal contributions are a way for Medicaid recipients to have “skin in the game.” She has said that traditional Medicaid regulations “disempower individuals from taking responsibility for their health, allow utilization of services without regard for the public cost, and foster dependency.”

Verma founded the health policy consulting firm SVC Inc. in June 2001. She is president and CEO of the company, which has worked with the states of Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee.^[1] In preparation for the implementation of Obamacare, Verma and SVC Inc. have worked with state insurance agencies and public health agencies to redesign their Medicaid programs. She developed Medicaid reform programs, including waivers, for Ohio, Kentucky, and Iowa. Her firm provided technical assistance to the state of Michigan in the implementation of their Section 1115 Medicaid waiver. SVC also assisted Tennessee in their coverage expansion proposal and supported Iowa's Medicaid transition to managed care.^[4]

Following the passage of Obamacare, Verma worked with Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels on health care policy.^[5] She was the architect of the Healthy Indiana Plan. The health insurance program, designed for people with low income, requires participants to pay into a health savings account and has high deductibles.^[3] According to Verma, "you have to make your contribution every month, with a 60-day grace period. If you don't make the contribution, you're out of the program for 12 months. It's a strong personal responsibility mechanism." The Healthy Indiana Plan received support from the Indiana legislature and passed into law in January 2008.^[3] She later created the related "HIP 2.0" under Governor Mike Pence.^[3]

In 2014, an article in The Indianapolis Star raised concerns over a potential conflict of interest arising from Verma's dual roles as both a health care consultant for Indiana and an employee of a Hewlett-Packard division that is among Indiana's largest Medicaid vendors. As of 2014, SVC Inc. had been awarded over $3.5 million in Indiana state contracts. Verma was concurrently employed with Hewlett-Packard, earning over $1 million during a period when the company had secured $500 million in state contracts.^[3][6]

Verma was awarded the Sagamore of the Wabash by Governor Pence in 2016. She is a Republican, and her choice obviously was made by Vice-President Pence.

Her appointment comes at a time of significant amendments to the affordable care act, a number of controversial projects by the CMS Innovation Center, including the Accountable Care Organization.   Her significant area of expertise was consulting for the Affordable Care Act in Indiana. This experience brings significant knowledge to the task of restructuring the Affordable Care Act.

Good Luck to you Seema Verma

Donald Trump Medicaid: Seema Verma, Patient Responsibility | Time.com

MS 'brain fog' lifted after stem cell treatment

MS 'brain fog' lifted after stem cell treatment

BBC journalist Caroline Wyatt has spoken of how the "brain fog began to lift" after she had pioneering treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).

The former BBC defence correspondent was deemed unsuitable for an NHS trial and paid $60,000 (£48,000) for a stem cell transplant in Mexico in January.

Both the FDA and the NHS criteria for suitability for clinical trials are complex and often eliminate patients who have had prior treatments which could confound and yield inaccurate results from a clinical trial.  This screening requirement eliminates large numbers of candiate volunteers from the study.   The criteria are derived from collaboration of principal investigators and the FDA.

Many patients seek out prospective treatments in other countries who have less stringent requirements for receiving new (ie, experimental treatments)

Caroline Wyatt is one of those patients.

Multiple sclerosis

In MS the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord - known as myelin - becomes damaged. The immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin, causing scarring or sclerosis.

The damaged myelin disrupts the nerve signals - rather like the short circuit caused by a frayed electrical cable.

If the process of inflammation and scarring is not treated then eventually the condition can cause permanent neurodegeneration.

'Aggressive treatment'

She changed jobs but, following a relapse in 2001, she was given a brain scan and told she might have MS - a diagnosis that was confirmed following more invasive tests such as a spinal tap in 2015.  Wyatt initially tried various drug treatments but as her condition began to deteriorate she began to investigate the stem cell treatment.  "I got in touch with Sheffield who were the British arm of a trial... and they very kindly agreed to see me," she said.

"They did various tests but decided in the end that medically speaking I was not one of the best candidates so they couldn't do it here."

Wyatt said that although UK bodies such as the NHS and watchdog NICE describe the treatment as experimental, about 80% of people who had the treatment responded to some degree and more than 50% saw the progression of their MS halted.

Fake News ! It happens all the time in Medicine and HealthCare

Fake news seems to be the new mantra in many quarters.  Fake news can be actively pursued, or passively enjoyed by incomplete, inaccurate, or absent reporting.


Maintenance of Competence (MOC) is an item that few patients are aware.  Specialty boards require re-examination after initial board certification to maintain board certification.

Proponents claim that the Maintenance of Certification program was designed to help physicians keep abreast of advances in their fields, develop better practice systems, and demonstrate a commitment to lifelong learning.

Whether or not the MOC program accomplishes any of these stated goals is a matter of intense debate.

Opponents claim that the Maintenance of Certification program is overly burdensome in both time and expense, reducing time available to spend with both family and patients. The exams have had little relevance to the individual physician's practice requiring tremendous effort to relearn material not useful to daily practice, only useful for passing the board exam. There is no proof that it improves patient care and little to no supporting data except for controversial articles written by board members. Serious questions have been raised regarding Member Board finances.^[2]

Pennsylvania Medical Society PowerPoint by Wesby Fisher, M.D.

The AMA calls for an immediate end to MOC

RESOLVED, That our American Medical Association call for the immediate end of any mandatory, secured recertifying examination by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) or other certifying organizations as part of the recertification process for all those specialties that still require a secure, high-stakes recertification examination.

Dr Fisher explains how this came to be, and how the American Board of Medical Specialties, the AMA and other physician organizations have engaged in an alleged policy of corruption and profiteering from their own colleagues.

Continuing medical education has served well for many decades as AMA approved courses which functioned adequately to ensure professionalism and currency in medical knowledge.l These courses also are charged for by specialty societies and the AMA.

MOC seems superfluous.   State licensing authorities already require continuing medical education for each licensing period. Physicians are being doubly extorted for the 'right and privilege to earn income.

This who establish these rules are not practicing physicians.