Current medical practice to prevent Measle is vaccination. There is no evidence that autism is caused by vaccination.
Measles is highly infectious and is often not recognized until a rash appears. Transmission often occurs early in the disease and prior to a visible rash.
There are accepted for patients already ill with Measles.
Acute management of measles: A systematic review of therapeutic strategies
Measles remains one of the most contagious viral infections, and its resurgence due to declining global vaccination coverage has renewed interest in therapeutic and preventive strategies. This systematic review analyzes current and emerging acute therapies and their relationship to measles virology and clinical outcomes. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar (1990–2025) was conducted using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify clinical studies on acute measles treatment. Despite being used off-label, ribavirin and interferon-α have demonstrated reductions in severity and complications in small clinical trials and case reports. Vitamin A supplementation remains the only widely recommended therapy with strong evidence for reducing morbidity and mortality, particularly in children with deficiency. Traditional Chinese medications such as Tanreqing and Xiyanping show symptomatic improvement but require mechanistic validation. Investigational therapeutics, including polymerase inhibitors such as ERDRP-0519, monoclonal antibodies targeting the fusion protein, and antiviral candidates such as remdesivir, offer promising future options. While vaccination remains essential, adjunctive therapies provide additional tools to reduce complications in under-vaccinated populations.
Measles is one of the world's most contagious viral diseases, with an estimated basic reproduction number (R0) of 12–18, the highest among human pathogens (Guerra et al., 2017). Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for decades (Van Boven et al., 2010), measles cases have surged in recent years (Bednarczyk and Sundaram, 2025). In 2023 alone, over 10.3 million cases and 107,000 deaths were reported worldwide, representing a 21% increase over the previous year and reversing years of progress toward measles elimination (WHOa), (WHOb). Multiple factors are contributing to this resurgence, including vaccine hesitancy, healthcare system disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and disparities in vaccine access across regions (The State of the World, 2023). The World Health Organization and UNICEF reported that 22 million children missed their first measles-containing vaccine dose in 2022, the highest number since 2008, leaving millions susceptible to outbreaks (The State of the World, 2023). In the United States, the CDC recorded 285 confirmed cases in the first half of 2024, nearly five times the 58 cases reported in all of 2023, with 40% requiring hospitalization, often in unvaccinated children under five years of age (Measles Cases and Outbreaks). As of November 26, 2025, the US has reported 1798 confirmed cases in 2025 across 43 jurisdictions, with 46 outbreaks and 3 deaths, marking the highest annual total since the elimination status in 2000 (Measles Cases and Outbreaks). Preliminary global data for 2025 indicate continued surges, with over 196,270 suspected and confirmed cases reported as of May 2025 (WHOa). These trends underscore the urgency of strengthening immunization programs and improving vaccine equity. They also highlight the need for additional strategies, including research into acute therapeutics, to protect under-vaccinated populations during outbreaks and reduce measles-related complications and deaths.
2. Systematic review methods
A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Google Scholar for studies published between 1990 and 2025. Clinical trials, observational studies, case series and preclinical studies related to the acute treatment of measles infection were eligible for inclusion. Studies were excluded if they lacked therapeutic outcome data, did not pertain to acute measles infection, or were not peer-reviewed. Only literature with extractable clinical or mechanistic outcomes was included to ensure transparency and reproducibility.
Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria are summarized in Table 1. The study selection process followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
The search revealed ten articles on treatments for acute measles (Supplementary Table 1), six of these being clinical trials (Table 2), and four being preclinical studies (Supplementary Table 1).
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