What is wrong with Health care, According to ChatGPT (An Artificial Intelligence)

There are many issues with healthcare, but some of the main problems include:

1. Lack of access to healthcare for certain populations, such as the uninsured or those living in rural areas.

2. 
   

3. High costs for both patients and insurance companies, which can make healthcare unaffordable for many people.

4. 
   

5. Limited availability of certain types of specialists, especially in certain areas.

6. 
   

7. Inefficiency in the healthcare system, which can lead to long wait times for appointments and procedures.

8. 
   

9. Lack of transparency in pricing, which can make it difficult for patients to understand the cost of their care.

10. 
    

11. Inadequate technology infrastructure in some areas, which can make it difficult for healthcare providers to communicate and share patient information.

12. 
    

13. Social determinants of health (SDOH)

Even a stupid computer algorithm can figure it out.

Next question will be "How do we fix health care?"

Hospitals have always been challenged with improving patient flow from emergency rooms, elective admissions to final discharge.  Inefficient utilization increases cost by decreasing reimbursements. 

Whether it is fee-for-service or managed care, the lack of proper utilization has the same effect. Computer guidance coupled with a command and control center helps hospital administrators to address this challenge.

Medical Command Centers Take Flight

By Marschall S. Runge

January 16, 2023

The command center is abuzz as more than a dozen experts monitor the constant flow of real-time information. When alerts emerge on one of the 32 computer screens, team members jump into action to resolve problems that range from minor obstacles to mission-critical challenges.

This sleek, high-tech room looks like the  fabled site NASA uses to keep astronauts safe, but it is located inside Michigan Medicine’s University South Hospital in Ann Arbor.

Seven years in the making, this state-of-the-art facility – officially known as the M2C2: The Michigan Medicine Capacity Operations and Real Time Engagement Center – is improving patient care by leveraging real-time data and predictive analytics to not only identify bottlenecks and other barriers hindering care but also to get ahead of potential problems. Building on the success of similar initiatives at other cutting-edge hospitals, including Johns Hopkins and Yale in the United States and several medical centers outside the US, Michigan’s M2C2 reflects the innovative use of technology to enhance care and reduce costs.

The relationship between doctors, nurses and patients has always been at the heart of medicine and M2C2 is designed to improve outcomes by streamlining the complex behind-the-scenes logistical challenges that have profound impacts on the care they deliver.

In addition to expert caregivers, patients need hospital beds, MRI machines, surgical theaters, and recovery rooms and so much more available as needed so their treatment is a steady flow. The command center is designed to optimize these and other resources so that logistics do not impede care.

Hospitals have, of course, always addressed logistics. But they have typically been handled by separate units that did not have clear and easy channels of communication to seamlessly coordinate their actions. The rise of electronic health records during last decade, which greatly facilitates access to and the sharing of information across a hospital’s sprawling operations,  makes it not only possible but necessary to unify these efforts which impact patient experience and outcomes.

Command centers such as Michigan Medicine’s M2C2 bring together a broad range of trained experts, including patient flow coordinators, admission triage coordinators, admission triage associates, clinical expediters, data analysts, management and support staff who monitor and analyze data entered into the electronic health records system to improve capacity decision making. A few examples:

• It is not uncommon for patients to remain in the hospital awaiting a test or lab result. Specially designed software alerts the command center to such instances, allowing staff to address the cause of the delay and, whenever possible, expedite care which allows patients to more quickly receive the care they need and be discharged, freeing up rooms and caregivers for others.
• Traditionally, Mondays and Tuesdays have been slower days for surgeries, with demand building toward the end of the week. The command center deploys advanced analytics that help guide OR schedulers so they can smooth out these scheduling bumps, relieving pressure on surgical teams and facilities.
• Advanced algorithms built into the command center dashboards enable staff to analyze a wide range of data to determine which patients might be vulnerable to deterioration and to get ahead of the situation.

As real-time information appears on the command centers dashboards, the team identifies issues that require further attention and work with various teams — including nursing, physicians, pharmacy, physical and occupational therapy, and radiology, to name a few – to address them.

Michigan’s M2C2 just began operating on Nov. 29 but similar initiatives at other institutions have shown significant benefits in patient care covering the full spectrum of services from admission to discharge. After opening its command center, Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore reported that its critical care team was dispatched 63 minutes sooner to pick up patients via ambulance from outside hospitals and “a  60 percent improvement in the ability to accept patients with complex medical conditions from other hospitals around the region and country.” Patients were assigned to a bed “30 percent faster after a decision was made to admit him or her from the Emergency Department” and transfer delays from the operating room after a procedure was reduced by 70 percent. Hopkins also reported that “twenty-one percent more patients were discharged before noon.”

These are game-changing results. As my colleague Vikas Parekh, M.D., associate chief medical officer for U-M Health and an executive sponsor of the M2C2 project, put it, “If we get the right information at the right time to the right people, that will drive the right outcome for our patients.”

Marschall S. Runge, MD, PhD, is Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean of the Medical School for the University of Michigan. He serves on the Board of Directors for Eli Lilly and Company.

This article was originally published by RealClearHealth and made available via RealClearWire.

Who Is Dying from COVID Now and Why - Scientific American

Who Is Dying from COVID Now and Why

Nearly three years into the pandemic, COVID’s mortality burden is growing in certain groups of people

Today in the U.S., about 335 people will die from COVID—a disease for which there are highly effective vaccines, treatments and precautions. Who is still dying, and why?

WHO?

Older people were always especially vulnerable and now make up a higher proportion of COVID fatalities than ever before in the pandemic. While the total number of COVID deaths has fallen, the burden of mortality is shifting even more to people older than age 64. And deaths in nursing homes are ticking back up, even as COVID remains one of the top causes of death for all ages. COVID deaths among people age 65 and older more than doubled between April and July this year, rising by 125 percent, according to a recent analysis from the Kaiser Family Foundation. This trend increased with age: more than a quarter of all COVID fatalities were among those age 85 and older throughout the pandemic, but that share has risen to at least 38 percent since May.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

 Black, Hispanic and Indigenous people in rural areas had the deadliest rates in 2021 from COVID 

WHERE ?

Where people live also affects their risk level. The pandemic first hit urban areas harder, but mortality rose dramatically in rural areas by the summer of 2020—a pattern that has held. The gap is currently narrowing, but people living in rural areas are still dying at significantly higher rates. Rural death rates fell from 92.2 percent higher than urban rates at the end of September to 38.9 percent higher in mid-October.  COVID vaccines have helped reduce some disparities. “Vaccination shrinks racial inequality,” Feldman says. “It’s that simple.” But the same factors putting many people of color at risk, including racism and systemic oppression, persist. For example, booster access in communities of color has been inequitable, driving death rates higher.

WHEN ?

President Joe Biden’s administration is bracing for 30,000 to 70,000 more deaths this winter. A bad flu year, in comparison, brings about 50,000 deaths.

Covid is here to stay, but the White House response team is eyeing its endgame

 

Who Is Dying from COVID Now and Why - Scientific American

Incidence of Stroke following COVID Booster

 Incidence of Stroke following COVID Booster
Several controversial studies involving a bivalent vaccine reported an incidence of stroke after vaccination, however, the current Covid 19 boosters showed no propensity for stroke.

Studies: 

Stroke Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines

Risk for MI, Stroke, Pulmonary Embolism After COVID-19 Vaccines

First reported cases of clots in large arteries causing stroke following covid-19 vaccination

Why you Should not have Grapefruit

Grapefruit interacts with a wide variety of medications, potentially causing serious side effects.

Grapefruit Is One of the Weirdest Fruits on the Planet

In the clinical trial, grapefruit was screwing something up, and screwing it up good.

The effects of grapefruit on medication were surreptitiously discovered during a clinical trial for something else 

IN 1989, DAVID BAILEY, A researcher in the field of clinical pharmacology (the study of how drugs affect humans), accidentally stumbled on perhaps the biggest discovery of his career, in his lab in London,

Bailey first tested a new theory on himself. Felodipine doesn’t really have any ill effects at high dosages, so he figured it’d be safe, and he was curious. “I remember the research nurse who was helping me, she thought this was the dumbest idea she’d ever heard,” he recalls. But after taking his grapefruit-and-felodipine cocktail, his bloodstream showed that he had a whopping five times as much felodipine in his system than he should have had. More testing confirmed it. Grapefruit was screwing something up, and screwing it up good.

Eventually, with Bailey leading the effort, the mechanism became clear. The human body has mechanisms to break down stuff that ends up in the stomach. The one involved here is cytochrome P450, a group of enzymes that are tremendously important for converting various substances to inactive forms. Drugmakers factor this into their dosage formulation as they try to figure out what’s called the bioavailability of a drug, which is how much of a medication gets to your bloodstream after running the gauntlet of enzymes in your stomach. For most drugs, it is surprisingly little—sometimes as little as 10 percent.

Grapefruit has a high volume of compounds called furanocoumarins, which are designed to protect the fruit from fungal infections. When you ingest grapefruit, those furanocoumarins take your cytochrome P450 enzymes offline. There’s no coming back. Grapefruit is powerful, and those cytochromes are donezo. So the body, when it encounters grapefruit, basically sighs, throws up its hands and starts producing entirely new sets of cytochrome P450s. This can take over 12 hours.

This rather suddenly takes away one of the body’s main defense mechanisms. If you have a drug with 10 percent bioavailability, for example, the drugmakers, assuming you have intact cytochrome P450s, will prescribe you 10 times the amount of the drug you actually need, because so little will actually make it to your bloodstream. But in the presence of grapefruit, without those cytochrome P450s, you’re not getting 10 percent of that drug. You’re getting 100 percent. You’re overdosing.

And it does not take an excessive amount of grapefruit juice to have this effect: Less than a single cup can be enough, and the effect doesn’t seem to change as long as you hit that minimum.

None of this is a mystery, at this point, and it’s shockingly common. Here’s a brief and incomplete list of some of the medications that research indicates get screwed up by grapefruit:

• Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Klonopin, and Valium)
• Amphetamines (Adderall and Ritalin)
• Anti-anxiety SSRIs (Zoloft and Paxil)
• Cholesterol-lowering statins (Lipitor and Crestor)
• Erectile-dysfunction drugs (Cialis and Viagra)
• Various over-the-counter meds (Tylenol, Allegra, and Prilosec)
• And about a hundred others.

In some of these cases, the grapefruit interaction is not a big deal, because they’re safe drugs and even having several times the normal dosage is not particularly dangerous. In other cases, it’s exceedingly dangerous. “There are a fair number of drugs that have the potential to produce very serious side effects,” says Bailey. “Kidney failure, a cardiac arrhythmia that’s life-threatening, gastrointestinal bleeding, respiratory depression.” A cardiac arrhythmia messes with how the heart pumps, and if it stops pumping, the mortality rate is about 20 percent. It’s hard to tell from the statistics, but it seems all but certain that people have died from eating grapefruit.

This is even more dangerous because grapefruit is a favorite of older Americans. The grapefruit’s flavor, that trademark bitterness, is so strong that it can cut through the decreased taste sensitivity of an aged palate, providing flavor for those who can’t taste a lot of other foods very well. And older Americans are also much more likely to take a variety of pills, some of which may interact with grapefruit.

Despite this, the Food and Drug Administration does not place warnings on many of the drugs known to have adverse interactions with grapefruit. Lipitor and Xanax have warnings about this in the official FDA recommendations, which you can find online and are generally provided with every prescription. But Zoloft, Viagra, Adderall, and others do not. “Currently, there is not enough clinical evidence to require Zoloft, Viagra, or Adderall to have a grapefruit juice interaction listed on the drug label,” wrote an FDA representative in an email.

This is not a universally accepted conclusion. In Canada, where Bailey lives and works, warnings are universal. “Oh yeah, it’s right on the prescription bottles, in patient information,” he says. “Or they have a yellow sticker that says, ‘Avoid consumption of grapefruit when taking

National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program | HRSA

Most people are not aware of Compensation packages for victims of Covid vaccination complications.

The federal government and the media have been lax in announcements of this safety net.

Much controversy still exists regarding the side effects of COVID-19 vaccinations and booster injections. Numerous complications have occurred, including Long Covid, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Anaphylaxis,  and Guillan Barre Syndrome

For claims associated with the COVID-19 vaccine or other COVID-19-related countermeasures, please file your Request for Benefits with the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program.

In the rare chance you suffered a serious injury, or the death of a loved one, from the administration or use of a covered countermeasure, you may be eligible to file a claim for benefits.

You must file a Request for Benefits Package within one year of receiving or using the countermeasure that you believe caused the injury. You must also provide proof that a covered countermeasure was administered or used.

Learn more about the criteria for demonstrating that a covered injury occurred.

How To Apply for the Victim's Compensation Fund for Covid Vaccination complications. (ONLINE)

Claimants will need to file relevant medical records (hospital, physician records, laboratory, and imaging records.

The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a no-fault alternative to the traditional legal system for resolving vaccine injury petitions. The VICP provides compensation for people injured by certain vaccines.

Any individual, of any age, who received a covered vaccine and believe they were injured as a result, can file a petition. Parents, legal guardians and legal representatives can file on behalf of children, disabled adults, and individuals who are deceased.

How to submit a petition with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims

Your petition must be filed with the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.

Submit your petition, one original and two copies, including cover sheet, medical records, and other documentation plus the appropriate filing fee to:

Clerk

U.S. Court of Federal Claims

717 Madison Place NW

Washington, DC 20439

The fees are considerable

The process is complex and may take considerable time to obtain relief. The vaccine compensation fund has been in existence for some time and originally covered reactions to childhood immunizations.

After you submit your petition to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, you can log in into this system and submit a copy of the petition to HHS.

If you are unable to pay the filing fee, call 202-357-6400.

OSM fee allowances  Because this amounts to filing a lawsuit with the federal government, a successful claim includes a payment to an attorney who represents you.

There is a one-year limit for filing a claim, and it is important to file a letter of intent if you cannot obtain all the documentation prior to the one-year statute of limitations

COVID-19 Vaccine Cross-Border Liability and Compensation

National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program | HRSA

I just tested this VR meditation app on Meta Quest 2 — and it blew my mind | Tom's Guide

If you like to meditate or are looking for a guide, check this out.

This is a form of guided meditation. It is immersive in auditory and visual stimuli. You are able to choose a variety of settings.

Virtual reality has matured into a format that is affordable. Many companies offer VR headsets.

 

Virtual Reality Companies,  Hardware, and Software

Explore the top Virtual Reality Companies with their core services and ratings to select the best VR Company per your requirements:

This VR tutorial discusses the top and popular virtual reality companies by rating, popularity, and amount of projects or value of projects undertaken.

Virtual reality companies are gathering pace in the industry despite being a relatively new field for them.

In most cases, the industry favors those invested highly in other technologies such as gaming, the Internet, and computing. Thus we have the likes of Microsoft, Google, AMD, NVIDIA, and Samsung.

This does not mean we do not have start-ups that have stolen the show, including the likes of Oculus VR, Next/Now, and Magic Leap, some of which started with public crowd-funding rounds.

Market Trends:

48% of consumers prefer to buy from a retailer using VR and AR experiences for marketing and branding.

32% of retailers are planning to deploy virtual and augmented reality applications in the next three years, according to the research linked above.

North America will lead in the adoption of VR by companies, with Europe leading in the automotive industry implementation of VR as per the above research. Competition is intensifying among players and the biggest VR companies, as most expand their R&D in VR.

Expert Advice:

For a brand looking to integrate or start using virtual reality technology, you want VR tech companies already established in the VR tech you are looking for. Example: Working with a VR headset manufacturer to brand your headsets or with a studio to produce branded VR experiences for your customers.

In the list, we have VR companies dabbling in consultancy as well as that manufacturing hardware for VR. For instance, you might be a hospital or medical institution that wants to use VR for remote and immersive training of doctors. You might need a company that will handle both manufacturing of hardware such as VR headsets and at the same time produce and customize your customer’s VR experiences.

If you want to come up with a VR app or design a VR experience, the best virtual reality companies are those studios dealing in the actual field in which you need help like producing VR-branded experiences in healthcare or education. Nevertheless, most should be able to help regardless of the industry.

For a group or company or individual looking for a company to invest in, the most promising and best virtual reality companies invest in day-to-day uses of VR like in gaming, healthcare, education, marketing, branding, and social life.

I just tested this VR meditation app on Meta Quest 2 — and it blew my mind | Tom's Guide

Cancer vaccine trials to begin in Britain this year

Cancer vaccine trials will start in the UK this year after the Government signed a deal with BioNTech, the company that created the mRNA technology behind the Pfizer Covid jab.

This is another advancement based on science from the 1960s- 2000.

In fact, the mRNA vaccine platform from BioNTech was first developed and tested in humans initially as an experimental cancer vaccine as far back as 2008, when 13 melanoma patients were vaccinated using the mRNA platform.

When they were vaccinated, the immune system’s reactivity against tumors did become elevated, the researchers reported. And as a result, their risk of developing new metastatic lesions was significantly reduced. Moderna’s cancer mRNA vaccine, which takes a different approach, similarly induced an immune response in solid tumors — work that also began years ago. And when they combined it with a checkpoint inhibitor, the therapy shrank tumors in six out of 20 patients.

'Redemption': How a scientist's unwavering belief in mRNA gave the world a Covid-19 vaccine. For Katalin Karikó, vaccine approval is a validation of 40 years of hard work and opens the door to a new generation of medicines

Will her work bear fruit for cancer vaccines? Unlike the Moderna Biontech Covid vaccine, a cancer vaccine does not prevent cancer. Cancer vaccines will be used to treat otherwise untreatable cancers or as an adjunctive treatment.

The agreement will enable BioNTech to conduct cutting-edge clinical trials, with British patients set to be enrolled as soon as autumn. The so-called cancer vaccines are not preventative but are therapeutic tools designed to fight established diseases and advanced tumors.

BioNTech created the world’s first authorized mRNA vaccine for Covid in 2020, which works by injecting a person with a small piece of genetic code to create a specific immune response.

Multiple forms of cancer, including breast, lung, and pancreatic, will be targeted by BioNTech’s vaccine technology, as well as Covid, malaria, and TB. “The collaboration will cover various cancer types and infectious diseases affecting collectively hundreds of millions of people worldwide.  Data published last year and presented at a conference in Chicago showed that in eight of 16 people with pancreatic cancer, a custom immune response was created to target their tumor with nine doses of the cancer vaccine, each given a week apart.  

What is the new Cancer Vaccine?   Is it safe for people with cancer to be vaccinated with Moderna vaccine? 

How mRNA Vaccines Help Fight Cancer Tumors

Protection vs. Attack

There’s a key difference between how a vaccine would be used to treat cancers versus a vaccine that’s used for an infectious disease like COVID-19.

First, the mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 protect people from the virus. They’re prophylactic. But a cancer mRNA vaccine is an intervention (a treatment) given to patients with the hope that their immune systems would be activated in a way that would attack tumor cells.

Through their research, Pardi and others, including researchers whose work led to the development of the BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, Drew Weissman, MD, PhD, a professor of Infectious Diseases in the Perelman School of Medicine, and Katalin Karikó, PhD, an adjunct associate professor at Penn and a senior vice president at BioNTech, found that mRNA vaccines can not only prompt strong antibody responses to fight off invaders, like COVID-19, but also potent cytotoxic T cell responses.

That’s important because these T cells can kill cancer cells. They just need to be altered or motivated to do it. Think immunotherapy, like checkpoint inhibitors or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy that engineers a patient’s own T cells to find and destroy cancer cells.

“A successful therapeutic cancer vaccine should induce strong T cell responses, particularly with CD8+ T cells, which have a known capacity to kill malignant cells,” said Pardi, who is currently leading studies to better understand mRNA vaccines to treat cancers, along with other diseases. Pardi was also a postdoctoral researcher in Weissman’s lab and a frequent collaborator with him and Karikó. “Therapeutic cancer vaccines would be given to cancer patients with the hope that those vaccine-induced cytotoxic T cells would clear tumor cells.”

One example is an mRNA vaccine that targets proteins called neoantigens on a tumor to fight it. A neoantigen is a new protein that forms on cancer cells when certain mutations occur in tumor DNA.

“It’s a promising group of cancer antigens to keep exploring,” Pardi said.

This brings us to "Precision Medicine"

According to the Precision Medicine Initiative, precision medicine is "an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person." This approach will allow doctors and researchers to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people. It is in contrast to a one-size-fits-all approach, in which disease treatment and prevention strategies are developed for the average person, with less consideration for the differences between individuals.

Getting Personal

The biggest challenge in developing these types of mRNA vaccines for cancer, though, is just how personal it has to be. The majority of everyone’s tumor neoantigens are specific to them.

It can’t be a catch-all approach like other vaccines — it needs to be personalized, much like CAR T cell therapy, which requires taking a patient’s own T cells, engineering them to seek out a specific antigen on a tumor cell, and then infusing them back in to find and kill them.

“That’s why we need a vaccine technology that is flexible and potent, such as the mRNA technology used for COVID-19,” Pardi said. “It could be developed to give us personalized neoantigen vaccines.”

A similar vaccine for metastatic prostate cancer known as sipuleucel-T (Provenge) stimulates an immune response to prostatic acid phosphatase, or PAP, an antigen present on most prostate cancers. While it’s not mRNA technology, it is customized for each patient and been shown in clinical trials to increase the survival of men with hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer by about four months.

So far, it’s the only one approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Cancer vaccine trials to begin in Britain this year

Are Drugs Past Expiration Date OK?

Pharmaceutical drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter come with an expiration date. This manufacturer expiration date applies to unopened containers and many patients think they should discard expired meds or that it will be dangerous to take them. But do they really need to toss the "old" one and buy something new?  Is there a problem with safety? What about the efficacy...will it still be potent?

The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutic, a well-respected and non-biased publication, looked at shelf life extension and the stability of expired medications. They showed that all drugs they tested were stable for a year past the expiration date, and most drugs stored in unopened original containers were fine for 66 months. (that's 5 years!) One drug, theophylline retained 90% of its potency 30 years past its expiration date. 

Solutions and suspensions are less stable than solid medications. Epi-Pen auto-injectors may lose potency after the expiration date so that is one that should be replaced if expired.

So the answer to the above questions about using expired medications are here:

1.  Is there a problem with safety?  No. There are no reports of toxicity.

2.  Will it still be potent?  If the medication is in a cool, dry place in the original container, it is probably 90-100% potent and good for at least a year after expiration and maybe even up to 5 years later. Exceptions would be Epi-Pen, liquid antibiotics, and insulin.

What Is Neurodiversity? - Child Mind Institute

What You'll Learn

• What does the term neurodiversity mean?
• How does the neurodiversity movement, launched in the 1990s, help kids with autism, ADHD, or learning disorders?
• Neurodiversity also helps children cultivate self-esteem, viewing their differences not as impediments but simply as expressions of their uniqueness. As these attitudes are cultivated in children, they become better prepared to handle their neurodivergence in college, in the workplace and throughout their adult lives.Why are teenagers and young adults adopting neurodiversity as an identity?

Lately, neurodiversity has also become an identity sometimes adopted by teenagers who are struggling socially. The concept gives them a brain-based explanation for their difficulties: “I'm like this because my brain works this way.” And it can help them feel connected to others who identify as neurodivergent.

A central premise of the neurodiversity movement is that variations in neurological development and functioning across humans are a natural and valuable part of human variation and therefore not necessarily pathological (e.g., Jaarsma and Welin, 2012; Kapp, 2020)

Neurodiversity is a term that seems to be everywhere these days. And increasingly, kids and young adults are using it to describe themselves. But what does it mean to be neurodiverse, and where does the term come from?

In short, it means that there are many differences in the way people’s brains work. There’s no “correct” or “incorrect” way. Instead, there is a wide range of ways that people perceive and respond to the world, and these differences should be embraced.

The term neurodiversity was coined in the 1990s to fight stigma and promote acceptance of people with autism. But it also includes other conditions that involve neurological differences, such as ADHD and learning disorders like dyslexia and dyscalculia.

Autistic Self-Advocacy and the Neurodiversity Movement: Implications for Autism Early Intervention Research and Practice

The growth of autistic self-advocacy and the neurodiversity movement has brought about new ethical, theoretical, and ideological debates within autism theory, research, and practice.  The last two decades have brought about huge socio-political shifts within the world of autism theory, research, and practice. In the mid-1990s, the emergence of the internet provided a more accessible text-based means of communication and empowered a growing number of autistic people to connect and share ideas with one another (Dekker, 2020)1. Out of the early autistic social groups of the 1990s emerged autistic culture, the autistic self-advocacy movement, and the assertion that autism is a valid way of being. This environment also gave rise to the neurodiversity movement (Singer, 1998). Through the 2000s, the neurodiversity movement has been galvanized in a large part due to the voices, advocacy, and protest of the autistic community, facilitated through developments in online communication and networks (Kras, 2009) and is increasingly influencing academic, clinical, and lay understanding of autism and other forms of neurological difference

A central premise of the neurodiversity movement is that variations in neurological development and functioning across humans are a natural and valuable part of human variation and therefore not necessarily pathological (e.g., Jaarsma and Welin, 2012; Kapp, 2020). Neurodiversity as a social justice and civil rights movement intersects with the wider disability rights movement (Hughes, 2016). The most significant premise of both is that disability is not simply a defect in the individual, but arises from the interaction between a non-standard individual and an unaccommodating environment (the social model of disability; Oliver, 1990). Consistent with this stance, many neurodiversity proponents do view autism as a disability. From this theoretical underpinning, the neurodiversity movement makes several demands, including the recognition and acceptance of the value of cognitive variation as a form of biodiversity and hence its positive contribution to groups, communities and societies (the social-ecological perspective; Chapman, 2020) and equal rights leading to an end to discriminatory policies and practices (Runswick-Cole, 2014).

What Is Neurodiversity? - Child Mind Institute

The impact of using digital mental health apps.

The COVID-19 crisis has uncovered an enduring mental health epidemic globally.

New ethical questions about the safety, efficacy, equity, and sustainability of digital mental healthcare – online and through apps – are being raised around the world, and businesses are being held to account over their creation and endorsement of services.

Over 10,000 mental health apps are currently on the market, yet regulations do not fully protect against the sharing of sensitive consumer data or ensure a standard quality of, for example, chatbot psychologists. Telehealth has contributed to solving the paucity of mental health providers.  This was even more apparent during the COVID pandemic. The pandemic fueled a large uptake in the use of telehealth during the necessity of social distancing. 

Not only is telehealth used for telemedicine there are also numerous mental health apps available for patients.

Best overall: Moodkit

Best for therapy: Talkspace

Best for meditation: Headspace

Best for suicide awareness: Better Stop Suicide

Best for stress: iBreathe

Best for anxiety: MindShift CBT

Best for addiction: Quit That!

Best for boosting your mood: Happify

Best for eating disorders: Recovery Record

Best for OCD: NOCD

Best for sleep: Calm

Best for drinking less alcohol: Reframe

Best for quitting alcohol: I Am Sober

Mental Health the Trillion Dollar Challenge (Spotify)

What’s the challenge?

Between a quarter and half of the global population is affected by a mental disorder at some point in their life. Between 2011 and 2030, the cumulative economic output loss associated with mental disorders is projected to be $16.3 trillion worldwide.

Disruptive technologies – such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, digital reality, blockchain, and the cloud – are ushering in a new era for consumers, industries, and organizations. There are more than 10,000 mental health apps in the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store alone. Many of these 10,000 apps are not currently evidence-based, placing users at significant risk in some cases. Deloitte analyzed 190 global high-traction use cases for the toolkit, revealing 89% of the apps are not clinically validated.

Web 3.0, Virtual Reality, and the Metaverse will also contribute to new online therapies.

Online platforms have the potential to engage patients in a patient-centric manner.

Meditation Virtual Reality

Try Healium

The uptick in VR meditation parallels an avalanche of smartphone apps for mental health, which total about 20,000. VR is more immersive than smartphones and, some say, can enable feelings of awe, relaxation, mindfulness, and connection with fellow meditators— or their avatars, at least

Protecting users of digital mental health apps | World Economic Forum